Class 10 acid bases and salt

Acids Bases and Salts category 10 Notes Science Chapter 2 

what is indicators ?

Indicators: Indicators square measure substances that indicate the acidic or basic nature of the answer by the color modification.

so let's see Types of indicator 

Types of Indicator: There square measure many sorts of indicators. Some common styles of indicators are:

1. Natural Indicators: Indicators obtained from natural source square measure referred to as Natural Indicators. Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage, rose, etc., square measure some common natural indicators used wide to point out the acidic or basic character of gear.

Litmus: litmus test is obtained from lichens. the answer of litmus test is purple in color. paper comes in 2 colours- blue and red.

An acid turns blue paper into  red.

A base turns red paper into  blue.

Turmeric: Turmeric is another natural indicator. Turmeric is yellow in color.

Red Cabbage: The juice of red cabbage is originally purple in color. Juice of red cabbage turns scarlet with acid and turns green with base.

2. exteroception Indicator: Substances that modification their smell once mixed with acid or base square measure referred to as exteroception Indicators. For example; Onion, vanilla etc.

Onion: Paste or juice of onion loses its smell once side with base. It doesn't modification its smell with acid.

Vanilla: The smell of vanilla vanishes with base, however its smell doesn't vanish with associate degree acid.

Olfactory Indicators square measure accustomed make sure the participation of visually impaired students within the laboratory.

Synthetic Indicator: Indicators that square measure synthesized within the laboratory square measure referred to as artificial Indicators. For example; laxative, acid-base indicator, etc.

Phenolphthalein could be a colourless liquid. It remains colourless with acid however turns into pink with the help of  base.

Acids: Acids is  square measure bitter in style, flip blue litmus test red, and dissolve in water to unleash H+ ions.

Example: oil of vitriol (H2SO4), carboxylic acid (CH3COOH), acid (HNO3) etc.

Properties of Acids:

Acids have a bitter style.

Turns blue litmus test red.

Acid resolution conducts electricity.

Release H+ ions in solution.

Types of Acids: Acids square measure divided into 2 varieties on the premise of their incidence i.e., Natural acids and Mineral acids.

(i) Natural Acids: Acids that square measure obtained from natural sources square measure referred to as Natural Acids or Organic Acids.

Examples:

Methanoic acid (HCOOH)

Acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) etc.

Mineral Acids: Acids that square measure ready from minerals square measure referred to as Mineral Acids Example; Inorganic acids, artificial  acids or artificial acid also are referred to as Mineral Acids.

Example:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

Nitric acid (HNO3)

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) etc.

Acids

Strong Acids

An acid that is totally ionising in water and produces (H+) is named robust Acid.

Examples: acid (HCl), oil of vitriol (H2SO4), acid (HNO3)

Weak Acids

An acid that is part ionising in water and so produces atiny low quantity of chemical element ions (H+) is named a Weak Acid.

Example: carboxylic acid (CH3COOH), acid (H2CO3)

Bases: Bases square measure bitter in style, have cleaner bit, flip red litmus test blue and provides hydroxide ions (OH–) in solution.

Examples: caustic soda (caustic soda) – NaOH

Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2

Potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) – (KOH)

Salts: Salts square measure the ionic compounds that square measure created once the neutralization between acid and base. Salts square measure electrically neutral. There square measure variety of salts however binary compound is that the commonest among them. binary compound is additionally referred to as flavourer or common salt. binary compound is employed to reinforce the style of food.

Characteristics of salt:

Most of the salts square measure crystalline soild.

Salts is also clear or opaque.

Most of the salts square measure soluble in water.